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{{MusicLibraryCreate}}


= Introduction =
This page, Music File and Tagging, provides the following information:
*How the Music section differs from the Video section of {{kodi}}
*How to organise your music files
*The recommended method for tagging your music files
*Explanation of some commonly misunderstood Music File Tags
*The Audio Files and Tags that {{kodi}} reads and uses
= Understanding the Music Library =
{{Red|'''The Music section of {{kodi}} has many differences to the Video section of {{kodi}}. It is important that you read this section to ensure your music and artwork are correctly scraped and displayed.'''}}
<br />
<section begin="understanding" />It is important to understand the fundamental difference between video library operation and the music library operation:
*The video library is based on using the filenames to obtain online data. If the video files are incorrectly named, then there are no scraper results and there will be no library entry.
*'''The music library is based on scanning tags embedded in the music files.''' It ignores the folder structure and file names you have created to store your music files. Basic and correct tagging is essential to ensure the library is populated correctly. Having slight variations in the tags for artist and album names could mean duplicated and unwanted entries.<section end="understanding" />
<br />
= Folder and File Structure =
Although {{kodi}} ignores the folder structure and the names of the folders and files, the structure of your folders is important as it affects the operation of other functions such as Import/Export, nfo files and Artwork. For example, if you have all your music files in one folder (which is possible), then you lose the ability to use local nfo files, local artwork, and the import/export module will not function correctly.
For this reason, {{kodi}} recommends the use of the following structure.
== Files ==
Remember that {{kodi}} does not extract any information from the filename. The only purpose the file name serves is to provide {{kodi}} a unique id to locate the file.
The name you use for your files is your choice, but it is important that they are:
#Consistent
#Make sense
Example file names:
Using the simple Song Name only = ''Everybody Wants to Rule the World.flac'' <br />
Using a more complex combination of Artist-Album-Song  = ''Madonna-True Blue-Open Your Heart.flac''
== Folders ==
Folders are used as follows:
#Album folders - Used to group '''songs''' from the same album into one folder
#Artist folders- Used to group '''albums''' from the same artist into one folder
#Source folder- Used to group '''Collections''' into one folder. (see next section)
The following is a typical recommended structure:
f:\
  |__Artist Music                          (source folder)
    |__ Madonna                          (artist folder)
    |  |__ Beautiful Stranger (1999)    (album folder)
    |  |  |__ Song 1
    |  |  |__ Song 2
    |  |  |__ Song 3 etc
    |  |__ Bedtime Stories (1994)        (album folder)
    |  |  |__ Song 1
    |  |  |__ Song 2
    |  |  |__ Song 3 etc
    |  |__ Like A Prayer (1989)          (album folder)
    |  |  |__ Song 1
    |  |  |__ Song 2
    |  |  |__ Song 3 etc
    |__ Simply Red                        (artist folder)
        |__ Picture Book (1985)          (album folder)
            |__ Song 1
            |__ Song 2
            |__ Song 3 etc
== Sources ==
A source folder contains your media collection- in this case Music. This folder is then set as a Source in {{kodi}} which then enables {{kodi}} to access your Music. (remember, Kodi does not know where your media is until you tell it.)
In the Video section of Kodi, you would set one, or more, sources for Movies, TV Shows, Music Videos, Home Movies etc. The Music section oparates along the same principle.
As an example, you would save your music folders into separate Sources for the following:
*'''Single Artist type Albums '''
**This source would contain the Artist / Album / Song structure
**Examples- Kate Bush, Kylie Minogue, Tears for Fears etc
*'''Various Artists or Compilation Albums'''
**This source would contain the Album / Song structure as there is no single artist
**Examples- 2017 Grammy Nominees, So Fresh: Hits of 2016, Open Space: The Classic Chillout Album etc
*'''Classical Music'''
**This source would contain the Artist / Album / Song structure, assuming single composer type albums, and groups all classical music in one source
**Examples- Vaughan Williams, Rachmaninov, Mozart etc
The idea is to group similar types of albums. This is not a requirement, and Kodi will still function if you grouped your music into a single source. It is a best practice guide which overcomes some hurdles with local files for compilation and collaboration type albums. These hurdles will no longer be an issue from v18 onwards.
Setting and Scanning of Sources is covered in detail in the next step of the guide.
= Tagging =
Ever wonder how your music player always knows the name of the song, album, artist and track number of the music you play? This information comes from metadata embedded in the music file. If you purchased your music from an online store, then that store would have embedded the metadata in the file. If you ripped your own music, then the ripping software would have embedded the data into the file, probably without you even knowing. It is not uncommon that only minimal metadata is embedded, but this works very well on simple music players and is a  convenient solution to sorting your library on these players.
<br /><br />
{{kodi}} also makes use of this embedded metadata. {{kodi}}, being an advanced and feature rich player, requires a greater precision in the embedded tags. Any slight variance in, for example, the Album name between the tracks from the same album will see multiple entries in the library for that Album. Same with Artists. It is not uncommon to have a single album split into three similarly named albums. It is for this reason that there is a separation of the Scanning and Scraping processes in {{kodi}}. The initial scan allows you to find and correct errors in tagging, before scraping. Failing to do that will create an unmanageable library.
<br /><br />
Example of errors in tagging, which will cause duplicated entries in the library...
{|class="prettytable"
!Similar Name 1 || Similar Name 2 || Note
|-
|György Ligeti || Gyorgy Ligeti || Accented and unaccented names will create duplicate entries
|-
|The Best of || The Very Best Of || Inconsistent naming between songs of the same album and/or artist will cause duplicated entries
|-
|Madonna || Madonnna || Spelling mistakes will cause duplicated entries for albums and/or artists
|-
|Sting || Sting and The Police || Seen as two separate and unrelated Artists
|}
The easiest method to comprehensively tag your music files is with MusicBrainz Picard.
== MusicBrainz ==
'''{{kodi}} has strong support for MusicBrainz tagging. It is highly recommended that users tag their music files using MusicBrainz picard.'''
'''MusicBrainz''' is an open source music encyclopedia that collects music metadata and makes it available to the public. MusicBrainz has a database that, as of Sept 2017, [https://musicbrainz.org/statistics consists of over 1,258,860 Artists, over 1,866,600 albums and over 17,846,800 recordings].
'''MusicBrainz Picard''' is the music file tagger software that can access the MusicBrainz database to locate metadata to embed into your music files. It is recommended that your music collection is correctly tagged using the tagging software [https://picard.musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz Picard]. This is a free download. There are other Taggers that are able to access the MusicBraniz database, but Picard seems to be friendliest to use.
Below is a screenshot of the main screen of the Picard software. A brief description of the layout as follows.
*Top Left Box- Folder listing of your music collection
*Top Centre Box- Albums are dragged and dropped here in preparation for matching and tagging. Pressing ''Lookup'' (greyed out) will commence the lookup process
*Top Right Box- Matching albums are displayed here and your songs are overlayed. In the screenshot, songs 01, 08 and 09 have been matched to the suggested album. If all songs match and you agree the correct album was located, simply pressing Save will tag the album with the tags displayed in the Bottom Tag Box.
*Bottom Tag Box - Selecting a song from the Top Right Box will display all available tag fields (left column), the current tags in the music file (Original Value column) and the MusicBrainz tags to be embedded in the music file (right column).
It is important to note that a lot of music is distributed with only the basic metadata embedded, as can be clearly seen in the screenshot below. (Original Value column)
The example in the image below shows the following:
*Most tags are missing
*The top three yellow entries are incorrect (original value column) and the corrections are in the right column
*The green entries in the right column indicate new tags to be embedded
*The black entries at the bottom of the list indicate no change to the existing tags as they are correct.
Although {{kodi}} will populate the library with those minimal tags, the errors in those tags would create havoc in the library.
Further information and guides can be found at the [https://picard.musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz Picard] site.
[[File:MusicBrainzPicard01.jpg|1300px|centre]]
Although Picard is very easy to use, you must avoid blindly accepting everything offered by the software. It is important that you confirm the correct album was located. Due to the global nature of the database, there are many releases for a single album. These releases differ between countries, usually due to copyright issues. This may lead you to inadvertendly select the incorrect release for your album, even though it is named exactly the same. The differences between releases may be as simple as different song ordering or the inclusion of additional bonus tracks.
Once the music files are tagged, it is important to avoid modifying the MusicBrainz tags unless you clearly understand the relationship of the MBID's and the other related tags. For example, embedding MBID tags, but then editing the Artist tag or Album Artist tag will result in incorrect entries in the library.
:'''''See: [https://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz Website]'''''
:'''''See: [https://picard.musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz Picard Software]'''''
== Cue Sheets ==
{{#lst:Cue_sheets|intro}}
{{kodi}} does provide basic support for using cue sheets to define individual tracks when an entire CD has been ripped into a single music file. However the information provided by  the cue sheet standard is much more limited than that of standard tagging, hence to enjoy the full music library features it is recommended that tracks are ripped into separate files and fully tagged.
<br />
{{red|If you do not use Cue Sheets you can safely move onto the next step.}}
<br />
;{{see also|Cue_sheets}}
<center>{{red|'''The information in the remainder of this page is provided for technical interest and reference only. It can be safely disregarded if you have no technical interest in Music File Tagging'''}}</center>
<div style="{{linear-gradient|left|#f5d3ff, #12b2e7}}">{{next|[[Adding_music_to_the_library|Scanning Music Into Library]]}} </div>
= Technical Explanation: File tags =
For many categories, such as genres and artists, {{kodi}} supports multiple values in the one field.  By default it uses the character sequence " / " to divide the entry into multiple values.  This divider may be changed via [[advancedsettings.xml]].
== Resolving Compilations and Multiple Artists ==
{{kodi}} reads the ''Album Artist'' tag in ID3, Ogg, APE and MP4 tags and uses it if available to assign an artist to the album (independently of the track's artist information).  This is the "Album Artist" tag (in ID3 this is represented by the "TPE2" tag; in vorbiscomment (ogg) files "ALBUMARTIST", "ALBUM ARTIST" and "ENSEMBLE" are all supported).  Multiple artists for either a track or album artist can be specified in "Artist1 / Artist2 / Artist3" format.
If no ''Album Artist'' tag exists, {{kodi}} will use the first (primary) artist from the tracks as the ''Album Artist''.  Essentially we do a string comparison of all the track artists, and assign the common artists as the ''Album artist''. This is generally the TPE1 tag in ID3.
As many users don't yet use the ''Album Artist'' tag, {{kodi}} has an additional filter system for identifying compilation albums, where each track normally has a different artist.  As {{kodi}} scans a folder, it does the following:
# Identifies albums based on ''Album'' name alone in the folder and groups the songs that have the same ''Album'' name together as an album.
# Runs through each album's assigned songs.  If there is 2 or more tracks with the same ''Track'' number, the group of songs must come from 2 or more albums, so the ''Album'' name is ruled out as a possible compilation.
# If any of the songs assigned to the ''Album'' name have an ''Album Artist'' tag, then {{kodi}} assumes the user knows what they're doing, and this album is also ruled out from being a compilation.
# If two or more songs assigned to the ''Album'' name then have different primary artists, then the ''Album'' name is considered to be a group of songs from a compilation, and the ''Various Artists''" tag is assigned as the album artist.
# Otherwise, if all the songs have the same primary artist but don't have the same full artist list (eg a song or two has an additional artist) then the album is assigned the primary artist as it's ''Album Artist'', and we assume the additional artists are guest artists.
== Roles Tags ==
WIP / TBA
== Ratings in ID3 tags ==
Ratings in ID3 tags are read via the POPM field, and (if this doesn't exist) in a custom (TXXX) field named "RATING".  For the RATING field, we accept 1-5 as valid ratings.  For the POPM field things are more complicated, as there is no established standard in place.  We currently most closely respect what Mediamonkey does, and also have some support for what Windows Media Player 11 does.  The POPM tag takes a value from 0..255, with 0 meaning no rating, 1 the worst, and 255 the best.  We currently map these as follows:
{| class="prettytable"
|-
!'''POPM value''' || '''Star rating'''
|-
|0 ||
|-
|1 || '''*''' This is a special case for Windows Media Player
|-
| 2-8 ||
|-
|9-49 || '''*'''
|-
|50-113 ||'''**'''
|-
|114-167 || '''***'''
|-
|168-218 || '''****'''
|-
|219-255 ||'''*****'''
|}
= Audio Formats & Tags =
== Supported Audio Formats ==
Although the list of playable formats is quite comprehensive, it is not accurate to say that every {{kodi}} installation will play every format. The ability to play some of the more obscure formats will depend upon the version of {{kodi}} in use and the operating system and version. Some formats will require the installation of add-ons.
{{#lst:Advancedsettings.xml|musicextensions}}
;{{See also|Advancedsettings.xml}}
== Supported Metadata Containers ==
The following metadata containers are supported by {{kodi}}
{| class="prettytable"
|-
! Metadata Container || Note
|-
|[[wikipedia:APEv2 tag|APEv2 tag]] ||
|-
|[[wikipedia:Advanced_Systems_Format|ASF]] ||
|-
|Generic Tag || A generic tag for basic data from other odd file types
|-
|[[wikipedia:ID3|ID3]] || v1, v2.3 and v2.4
|-
|[[wikipedia:MPEG-4 Part 14#Metadata|MP4]] ||
|-
|[https://xiph.org/ Xiph.org] || Vorbis Comments
|}
== Common File & Tag Combination ==
You will notice that not all the tags listed in the section ''Supported Audio Formats'' above are listed in the following table. Those formats that are ommitted do not have provision to support embedded tags. If your collection contains any of these unsupported formats, you will be unable to scan the music into the library. Your options are:
#Convert your audio file to a supported format (recommended)
#Access your music via the File Manager or via File View
{{kodi}} supports the following common Audio File and Tag Formats
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!| Metadata container
!| Additional Filename extensions
|-
| [[wikipedia:APEv2 tag|APEv2 tag]] || ape, mp3, aac, wv, mpc
|-
| [[wikipedia:Advanced_Systems_Format|ASF]] || asf, wmv, wma
|-
| Generic Tag || it, mod, module, nst, wow, s3m, xm
|-
| [[wikipedia:ID3|ID3 v1]] || mp3, aac
|-
| [[wikipedia:ID3|ID3 v2]] || mp3, aac, tta, aif, aiff, wav, flac ]
|-
| iTunes [[wikipedia:MPEG-4 Part 14#Metadata|MP4]] || .3g2 .m4a .m4b .m4p .m4r .m4v .mp4
|-
|[https://xiph.org/ Xiph.org] || flac, oga, ogg, opus
|}
Note:
*FLAC files- xiph tags override id3v2 tags
*mp3 files can have either id3 or APE tags
*mka, dsf, dff - ID3v2 format read but are handled by ffmpeg tag reader and it does not support all tags from IDE standard)
== Tags {{kodi}} reads ==
The music library is created by scanning metadata that is embedded in the music files, '''not''' by looking at the file names or the folders they are located in.
{{kodi}} will scan the following tags embedded in the music file. The column ''{{kodi}} Version'' indicates the version of {{kodi}} that the tag was introduced, and will work in subsequent versions.
<section begin="TagTable" />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! style="text-align:left;"| {{kodi}} Version
! Vorbis (.Flac)
! ID3v2 (.mp3)
! APE
! MP4
! ASF
|-
|v16
|ARTIST
|TPE1
|ARTIST
|\251ART
|Author
|-
|v16
|ARTISTS
|ARTISTS
|ARTISTS
| ----:com.apple.iTunes:ARTISTS
|
|-
|v16
|ALBUMARTIST  or ALBUM ARTIST
|TPE2 OR ALBUMARTIST or ALBUM ARTIST
|ALBUMARTIST  or ALBUM ARTIST
|aART
|WM/AlbumArtist
|-
|v16
|ALBUMARTISTS or ALBUM ARTISTS
|ALBUMARTISTS or ALBUM ARTISTS
|ALBUMARTISTS or ALBUM ARTISTS
| ----:com.apple.iTunes:ALBUMARTISTS
|
|-
|v16
|ALBUM
|TALB
|ALBUM
|\251alb
|WM/AlbumTitle
|-
|v16
|TITLE
|TIT2
|TITLE
|\251nam
|
|-
|v16
|TRACKNUMBER
|TRCK
|TRACKNUMBER or TRACK
|trkn
|WM/TrackNumber or WM/Track
|-
|v16
|DISCNUMBER
|TPOS
|DISCNUMBER or DISC
|disk
|WM/PartOfSet
|-
|v16
|YEAR
|TYER
|YEAR
|\251day
|WM/Year
|-
|v16
|DATE
|TDRC, TDRL
|DATE
|
|
|-
|v16
|GENRE
|TCON
|GENRE
|\251gen
|WM/Genre
|-
|v16
|MOOD
|TMOO OR TXXX:MOOD
|MOOD
| ----:com.apple.iTunes:MOOD
|WM/Mood
|-
|v16
|COMMENT
|COMM
|COMMENT
|\251cmt
|(COMMENT)
|-
|v16
|CUESHEET
|
|CUESHEET
|
|
|-
|v16
|COMPILATION
|TCMP
|COMPILATION
|cpil
|
|-
|v16
|LYRICS
|USLT
|LYRICS
|
|
|-
|v16
|REPLAYGAIN_TRACK_GAIN
|REPLAYGAIN_TRACK_GAIN
|REPLAYGAIN_TRACK_GAIN
| ----:com.apple.iTunes:replaygain_track_gain
|replaygain_track_gain
|-
|v16
|REPLAYGAIN_ALBUM_GAIN
|REPLAYGAIN_ALBUM_GAIN
|REPLAYGAIN_ALBUM_GAIN
| ----:com.apple.iTunes:replaygain_album_gain
|replaygain_album_gain
|-
|v16
|REPLAYGAIN_TRACK_PEAK
|REPLAYGAIN_TRACK_PEAK
|REPLAYGAIN_TRACK_PEAK
| ----:com.apple.iTunes:replaygain_track_peak
|replaygain_track_peak
|-
|v16
|REPLAYGAIN_ALBUM_PEAK
|REPLAYGAIN_ALBUM_PEAK
|REPLAYGAIN_ALBUM_PEAK
| ----:com.apple.iTunes:replaygain_album_peak
|replaygain_album_peak
|-
|v16
|REPLAYGAIN_ALBUM_PEAK
|REPLAYGAIN_ALBUM_PEAK
|REPLAYGAIN_ALBUM_PEAK
| ----:com.apple.iTunes:replaygain_album_peak
|replaygain_album_peak
|-
|v16
|MUSICBRAINZ_ARTISTID
|MUSICBRAINZ ARTIST ID
|MUSICBRAINZ_ARTISTID
| ----:com.apple.iTunes:MusicBrainz Artist Id
|MusicBrainz/Artist Id
|-
|v16
|MUSICBRAINZ_ALBUMARTISTID
|MUSICBRAINZ ALBUM ARTIST ID
|MUSICBRAINZ_ALBUMARTISTID
| ----:com.apple.iTunes:MusicBrainz Album Artist Id
|MusicBrainz/Album Artist Id
|-
|v16
|MUSICBRAINZ_ALBUMARTIST
|MUSICBRAINZ ALBUM ARTIST
|MUSICBRAINZ_ALBUMARTIST
| ----:com.apple.iTunes:MusicBrainz Album Artist
|MusicBrainz/Album Artist
|-
|v16
|MUSICBRAINZ_ALBUMID
|MUSICBRAINZ ALBUM ID
|MUSICBRAINZ_ALBUMID
| ----:com.apple.iTunes:MusicBrainz Album Id
|MusicBrainz/Album Id
|-
|v16
|MUSICBRAINZ_TRACKID
|UFID
|MUSICBRAINZ_TRACKID
| ----:com.apple.iTunes:MusicBrainz Track Id
|
|-
|v16
|RATING
|POPM
|
|
|
|-
|v16
|METADATA_BLOCK_PICTURE or COVERART or COVERARTMIME
|APIC
|
|covr
|WM/Picture
|-
|v17
|COMPOSER
|TCOM
|COMPOSER
|\251wrt
|WM/Composer
|-
|v17
|CONDUCTOR
|TPE3
|CONDUCTOR
| ----:com.apple.iTunes:CONDUCTOR
|WM/Conductor
|-
|v17
|LYRICIST
|TEXT
|LYRICIST
| ----:com.apple.iTunes:LYRICIST
|WM/Writer
|-
|v17
|REMIXER or MIXARTIST
|TPE4
|REMIXER or MIXARTIST
| ----:com.apple.iTunes:REMIXER
|WM/ModifiedBy
|-
|v17
|ENSEMBLE
|(TIPL) or TXXX:Ensemble
|ENSEMBLE
|
|
|-
|v17
|ARRANGER
|(TIPL)
|ARRANGER
|
|
|-
|v17
|ENGINEER
|(TIPL)
|ENGINEER
| ----:com.apple.iTunes:ENGINEER
|WM/Engineer
|-
|v17
|PRODUCER
|(TIPL)
|PRODUCER
| ----:com.apple.iTunes:PRODUCER
|WM/Producer
|-
|v17
|DJMIXER
|(TIPL)
|DJMIXER
| ----:com.apple.iTunes:DJMIXER
|WM/DJMixer
|-
|v17
|MIXER
|(TIPL)
|MIXER
| ----:com.apple.iTunes:MIXER
|WM/Mixer
|-
|v17
|PERFORMER
|TMCL
|PERFORMER
|
|
|
|-
|v17
|LABEL
|TPUB
|LABEL
| ----:com.apple.iTunes:LABEL
|WM/Publisher
|-
|v17
|RELEASETYPE
|MUSICBRAINZ ALBUM TYPE
|MUSICBRAINZ_ALBUMTYPE
| ---:com.apple.iTunes:MusicBrainz Album Type
|MusicBrainz/Album Type
|}
<section end="TagTable" />
{{Top}}
<div style="{{linear-gradient|left|#f5d3ff, #12b2e7}}">{{next|[[Adding_music_to_the_library|Scanning Music Into Library]]}} </div>
{{updated|17}}
[[Category:FAQ]]
[[Category:Index]]
[[Category:Guides]]
[[Category:Manual]]
[[Category:First time user]]
[[Category:Music library]]
[[Category:Advanced topics]]
[[Category:Quick Start Guide]]

Latest revision as of 04:53, 29 May 2022

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