Kodi

Template:Overlinked Template:Update Template:Infobox Software XBMC (formerly named "XBox Media Center") is a free and open source software media player and entertainment hub. Originally developed as XBox Media Player (XBMP) for the first-generation Xbox game console in 2002, XBMC eventually became a complete graphical user interface replacement for the Xbox Dashboard, and has since been ported to also run nativly under Linux and Mac OS X operating system.

Details

As a media center, XBMC can, via software codecs, play audio and video files, as well as display images from virtually any source, including CDs, DVDs, USB flash drives, the Internet, local area networks, and hard drives. XBMC is neither produced nor endorsed by Microsoft or any other officially recognized vendor, and, like all Xbox homebrew applications, requires a modchip or a softmod exploit. As such, its legality is disputed.

Through the C++ and Python programming languages, XBMC has been extended to include large metadata databases for multimedia libraries, weather forecasts, TV guides, website interaction (such as for YouTube videos and Apple.com movie trailers), SHOUTcast and Podcast streaming, among other things. XBMC also functions as a gaming platform by allowing users to play Python-based mini-games, while the Xbox version contains built-in support to launch console games and homebrew applications, plus a free alternative to Xbox Live called XLink Kai.

Due to the dated hardware of the Xbox, a Linux port was announced for x86-based personal computers in early 2007, (without the Xbox-specific features such as game trainers and video game loading). XBMC for Linux is available as pre-alpha software through Subversion access. The greater processing power of newer hardware allow for it to render high-definition video, including 1080p, (while the Xbox hardware could only output up to 1080i through upscaling at most HRHD-quality videos). However, as with the Xbox version, XBMC for Linux does not currently support hardware video decoding, thus all load is placed upon the central processing unit, limiting the use of sound and video cards to output only.

A Mac OS X port has been started by a community volunteer. Currently, it is in the early stages, but it is progressing rapidly.

XBMC is distributed under the GNU General Public License.

Features

Audio/Video playback and handling

XBMC can play media from CD/DVD media using the Xbox's built-in DVD-ROM drive. It can also play media from the Xbox's built-in hard disk drive, or stream them over SMB/SAMBA/CIFS shares (Windows File-Sharing), ReplayTV DVRs, UPnP (Universal Plug and Play ) shares, XBMSP (Xbox Media Stream Protocol) shares, or stream iTunes-shares via DAAP. XBMC can also take advantage of the Xbox's Ethernet network port and a broadband Internet connection if available, using the IMDb to obtain thumbnails and reviews on movies, CDDB (via FreeDB) for Audio-CD track-listings), and album-thumbnails via AMG, it can stream Internet-video-streams, and play Internet-radio-stations (such as SHOUTcast). XBMC also includes the option to submit music usage statistics to Last.fm and a weather-forecast (via weather.com). It also has music/video-playlist features, picture/image-slideshow functions, an MP3+CDG karaoke function and many audio-visualizations and screensavers. XBMC can in addition upscale/upconvert all 480p/576p standard-resolution videos and output them to 720p or 1080i HDTV-resolutions.

Format support

XBMC can be used to play/view all common multimedia formats 'straight out-of-the-box'. It can decode these in software and optionally pass-through AC3/DTS audio from movies directly to S/PDIF output to an external audio-amplifier/receiver. For a detailed up-to-date list see the "Supported Formats" list in XBMC online-manual here.

Supported formats/codecs:

• Physical media: CDs, DVDs, Video CDs (including DVD-Video, VCD/SVCD and Audio-CD/CDDA)
• Container formats: AVI, MPEG, WMV, ASF, FLV, MKV, MOV, MP4, M4A, AAC, NUT, Ogg, OGM, RealMedia RAM/RM/RV/RA/RMVB (RealAudio/RealVideo), 3gp, VIVO, PVA, NUV, NSV, NSA, FLI, FLC, and DVR-MS (beta support)
• Video codecs: MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4 (SP and ASP, including DivX, XviD, 3ivx, DV, H.263), MPEG-4 AVC (H.264, including Nero Digital), HuffYUV, Indeo, MJPEG, RealVideo, QuickTime, Sorenson, WMV, Cinepak,
• Audio codecs: AIFF, WAV/WAVE, MP2, MP3, AAC, AACplus, AC3, DTS, ALAC, AMR, FLAC, Monkey's Audio (APE), RealAudio, SHN, WavPack, MPC/Musepack/Mpeg+, Speex, Vorbis and WMA.
• Digital picture/image formats: BMP, JPEG, GIF, PNG, TIFF, MNG, ICO, PCX and Targa/TGA
• Subtitle formats: AQTitle, ASS/SSA, CC, JACOsub, MicroDVD, MPsub, OGM, PJS, RT, SMI, SRT, SUB, VOBsub, VPlayer

Video playback in detail

XBMC uses two different multimedia player 'cores' for video-playback. The first is a ported version of the open source cross-platform player, MPlayer, which is known for playing practically all common proprietary media-formats without having to pay license fees. XBMC handles all codecs and containers normally supported by MPlayer (all FFmpeg supported codecs and also several external ones with the help of proprietary DLL-files: RealMedia/RealVideo/RealAudio, QuickTime, WMV9/WMA9, VP4/VP5/VP6), and the sources are synced at regular intervals.

The second video-player 'core' for video-playback is an in-house developed DVD-player for DVD-Video movies, including the support of DVD-menus, (based on the open source and free libraries code libdvdcss and libdvdnav). This video-player 'core' support all the FFmpeg codecs, and in addition the MPEG-2 video codec, and the audio codecs DTS and AC3 (based on the open source code libraries: libmpeg2, libdca/libdts, and liba52/libac3 respectively). One relatively unusual feature of this DVD-player core is the capability to on-the-fly parse and play DVD-Video movies that are stored in ISO and IMG DVD-images, DVD-Video movies that are stored as DVD-Video (IFO/VOB/BUP) files on a harddrive or network-share, and also ISO and IMG DVD-images directly from RAR and ZIP archives. In addition to this, the XBMC DVD-player 'core' can upscale/upconvert all DVD-Video movies and output them to 720p or 1080i HDTV resolutions in better quality than most, if not all, high-definition television set's native function for upscaling/upconverting video.

The Video Library:

The Video Library, one of the XBMC metadata databases, is a key feature of XBMC. It allows the organization of your video content by information associated with the video files themselves, (like movies and recorded TV Shows). This information can be obtained in various different ways, like through Scrapers (ie. IMDb, tv.com, thetvdb.com, etc.) and nfo files. The Library Mode view allows you to browse your video content by things like; Genre, Title, Year, Actors and Directors.

Audio playback in detail

For audio playback, XBMC includes its own in-house developed audio-player: PAPlayer (Psycho-Acoustic Audio Player). Some of this audio-player core's most notable features are on-the-fly resampling to the Xbox's native audio frequency (48 kHz), gapless playback, crossfading, Replay Gain, cue sheet and Ogg Chapter support. It handles a very large variety of audio file-formats: MP2, MP3, Vorbis, Musepack, AAC, AACplus (AAC+), APE, FLAC, WavPack, Shorten, AIFF, WAV, DTS, AC3, CDDA, WMA, IT, S3M, MOD (Amiga Module), XM, NSF (NES Sound Format), SPC (SNES), GYM (Genesis), SID (Commodore 64), Adlib, YM (Atari ST), ADPCM (GameCube). It also supports many different tagging standards: APEv1, APEv2, ID3v1, ID3v2, ID666 and Vorbis comments.

Music Library:

The Music Library, one of the XBMC metadata databases, another key feature of XBMC. It allows the organization of your music collection by information stored in your music file ID meta tags, like title, artist, album, genre and popularity.

Digital picture/image display in detail

XBMC handles all common digital picture/image formats with the options of panning/zooming and slideshow with "Ken Burns Effect", with the use of CxImage open source library code. XBMC can also handle CBZ (ZIP) and CBR (RAR) comic book archive files, this feature lets you view/read, browse and zoom the pictures of comics pages these contain without uncompressing them first.

Python scripts (widgets/gadgets) plugins

XBMC features a Python Scripts Engine and WindowXML application framework (a XML-based widget toolkit for creating a GUI for widgets) in a similar fashion to Apple Mac OS X Dashboard Widgets and Microsoft Gadgets in Windows Sidebar. Python widget scripts allow normal users to add new functionality to XBMC themselves, (using the easy to learn Python programming language), without having to utilize an illegal copy of the XDK and without knowledge of the complex C/C++ programming language. Current plugin scripts include functions like Internet-TV and movie-trailer browsers, weather forecast and cinemaguides, TV-guides (EPG), e-mail clients, instant messaging, train-timetables, scripts to front-end control PVR software and hardware (like: MediaPortal, MythTV, TiVo, ReplayTV, Dreambox/DBox2), Internet-radio-station browsers (example SHOUTcast, Xm radio, Sirius Satellite Radio), P2P file-sharing downloaders (BitTorrent), IRC, also casual games (sometimes also referred to as mini-games or party-games) such as Tetris, Snake, Space Invaders, Sudoku, and much more.

Dashboard function (game/application launcher)

XBMC has a "My Programs" section with functions as a replacement dashboard to launch Xbox games (retail and homebrew) and applications/emulator directly off the Xbox built-in harddrive, all from a nice GUI with thumbnail and list options. This fully replaces the original Xbox Dashboard from Microsoft, and with the exception of flashing new BIOS to a Xbox modchip it also features all extra functions that other homebrew dashboards have.

XBMC Trainer Support (game cheats mods)

XBMC also has the ability to use and apply Xbox Trainer Files. Trainers are small files that allow for in game value modification (such as cheat code) through altering retail functions in game values by way of using TSR (Terminate and Stay Resident) keys. There are many things that can be modified including ammunition, extra-lifes, or even how high a character can jump. Trainer support in XBMC was achieved through collaboration with Team Xored. This collaboration began in December 2005 and came to fruition in January 2006 by successfully integrating the Team Xored Trainer Engine into XBMC. XBMC can run trainers with the following file extensions: *.ETM and *.XBTF.

XLink Kai (Xbox Live online-gaming alternative)

XBMC has an integrated front-end for an Xbox Live alternative (called "XLink Kai"), an online gaming platform, enabling you to both control the Kai engine and play system-link/LAN-enabled Xbox games online, without connecting to the Xbox Live service, straight from your console.

Running XBMC

File:Mc360-screenshot-1.jpg

MC360 skin for XBMC displaying the media blade

At present, the latest 'stable' version of XBMC is 2.0.1 final point-release which was released on 12 November, 2006. Since XBMC is an open source software program, its development source code is stored on a publicly-accessible Subversion server. This code is constantly updated on a daily-basis by developers so the Subversion repository often contains more features than the most recent 'stable' release. Accordingly, executable builds from the Subversion repository are often released by third-parties. It should be noted, however, that executable builds from development versions typically contain bugs not present in the most recent 'stable' release versions of XBMC.

XBMC is not an authorized/signed Microsoft product, therefore a modification of the Xbox is required in order to run XBMC on a Xbox game-console. XBMC can be run as an application (like any Xbox game), or as a dashboard that appears directly when the Xbox is turned on. It takes approximately ten seconds to fully load XBMC.

Types of Xbox modifications (mods)

Here is a brief overview of various console modification methods which allow the Xbox to run unofficial applications which are not authorized/signed. (For an application to run on an unmodified Xbox, it must be digitally signed by Microsoft. A modded Xbox does not check for a digital signature and will run any application, signed/official and unsigned/unofficial.)

• Modchip: Physical circuit board that is attached to the Xbox mainboard. Requires opening the Xbox to install. Contacts are connected either by "screwing down" the board (for a solderless install) or soldering wire connections.
• Softmod: Loophole in Xbox software security via an exploit. Most popular softmods, such as UXE or NDURE, are installed through a modified game save. Softmods have become very stable and safe with recent advancements, and does not require any physical modification to the Xbox.
• TSOP flash: TSOP is a technical term meaning 'Thin Small Outline Package', which describes the microchip packaging. Earlier revisions of the Xbox motherboard contained a rewritable EEPROM (a type of Flash memory) which used the TSOP style of microchip packaging. TSOP flashing in the context of an Xbox requires updating of the software on this microchip by jumping traces (small wires) on the motherboard to make the chip writable from software. A softmod exploit (usually in the form of a modified save game) is used to flash a hacked BIOS (replace the software of) the chips using unofficial software.

Language support

XBMC also includes support for many different languages. XBMC's structure is such that if your language is not available, or not up-to-date, then you can easily make your translation by editing an XML-file, which can be submitted to the project's database for use by others. Currently the existing supported languages are Brazilian Portuguese, Catalan, Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Esperanto, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hungarian, Icelandic, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Maltese, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish and Turkish.

Skins and skinning-engine

A mainstay of Xbox homebrew applications is skin-ability in the tradition of case modifications. XBMC is noted as having a very flexible GUI toolkit and robust framework for its GUI, using a standard XML base, making theme-skinning and personal customization very accessible. Users can create their own skin (or simply modify an existing skin) and share it with others via public websites dedicated for Xbox and XBMC skins trading. "Project Mayhem" is the official skin; which is now in its third version, commonly know as "PMIII" or "PM3". Many third-party skins exist and while some are original designs, most are clones or an exact replica of other multimedia software, such as Apple Front Row, Windows Media Center Edition (MCE), MediaPortal, Meedio/MeediOS, HDeeTV, Kaleidescape, Xbox 360 blades (MC360), and others.

Programming and developing

XBMC is a non-profit open source hobby project that is developed only by volunteers in their spare-time without any monetary gain. The team of developers working on XBMC encourage anyone to submit their own source code patches for new features and functions, improve existing ones, or fix bugs.

XBMC is programmed in C++ (and some Assembly), and uses Microsoft DirectX multimedia framework, (the Xbox does not support OpenGL). Some of the XBMC libraries are written in C programming-language, but are used with a C++ wrapper and loaded via XBMC's own DLL loader. The Xbox Operating-System/BIOS is Win32-based but does not have all of the resources or capabilities of a full Microsoft Windows Operating-System, (for example: DirectShow, registry, nor DLL are natively supported on the Xbox). Because of the constraints on the hardware and environment of the Xbox all software development for XBMC are focused on reserving the limited resourses that exist, the main hindrance of which is the amount of available random access memory at any one time.

Xbox Development Environment

Xbox Hardware Summary

• 733 MHz Intel Pentium III (32-bit x86) CPU @ 133 MHz FSB (like a Pentium III) (supporting MMX/MMX2 and SSE)
  • 32KB Level 1 cache, and 128KB Level 2 cache (Like a Celeron)
• 64MB of shared DDR SDRAM RAM @ 200 MHz (memory is shared between CPU and GPU)
• Xbox GPU is a nVidia NV2A @ 233 MHz (somewhat in between GeForce 2 and GeForce 3 series)
• The APU is a nVidia MPC (designed for Xbox, a.k.a. MPCX), which supports only 48Khz-output
  • The APU is integrated to the MPCX APU and can encode to AC3 audio on-the-fly in hardware
  • 64 3D channels, or 256 stereo
• The Xbox-chipset can be described in layman terms as something similar to the first nVidia nForce
  • The chipset designed by nVidia and makes up a southbridge (the MPCX-1) and the GPU (NV2A)
• 8 or 10 GB internal IDE/ATA harddisk drive Ultra DMA 33 (though MPCX-1) supports Ultra DMA 100)
• Xbox DVD-ROM are 2-5x speed read
  • DVD-ROM made by Philips/Thomson/Hitachi can not read CD-R media
    • DVD-ROM made by Philips/Thomson/Hitachi can not read CD/DVD subchannels either
  • Samsung made Xbox DVD-ROM drives can read CD-R media and sub-channels

Operating-System

• The Xbox does not have an Operating-System per-se, instead it only has a basic BIOS
  • Everything else must go into the XBMC executable and its (XDK and own-made) libraries
• Only a single process-thread (executable program) can run at any one time on the Xbox
• Xbox hard drive file-system (FATX) has many limitations, among them a filename maximum of 42-characters
• The Xbox has four USB ports but the Xbox SDK (a.k.a. XDK) does not contain a full USB-stack
  • if wanted to add support for USB hardware-devices one would have to make it for oneself

Compiling

• Xbox SDK (a.k.a. XDK) Software Development Kit (with libraries) is required to compile XBMC
• Also required to compile (and program in) XBMC is Microsoft Visual Studio .NET version 7.1
• XBMC's code also contain four multimedia-player cores which have to be compiled separately
  • None of those require XDK to be compiled, they are instead compiled with MinGW/MSYS

Limitations

• XBMC can not play any audio/video files protected/encrypted with DRM (Digital Rights Management), such as music purchased from the iTunes Music Store, MSN Music or Audible.com. Workaround if legal in your country: Before playing the file in XBMC, first remove any DRM protection/encryption from the song or video with a third-party program before you try to play it, e.g: hymn, FreeMe, Unfuck, FairUse4WM, DRM2WMV or DRMDBG).
• UDF (Universal Disk Format) file-system limitation: XBMC only supports UDF version 1.02 (designed for DVD-Video media), which has a maximum file-size of 1GB (meaning if you burn a DVD-media in a newer UDF version with a video that is larger than 1GB, XBMC will not be able to play that file), same goes for UDF/ISO hybrid formats (a.k.a. UDF Bridge format). Workaround: Burn all your CD/DVD-media in ISO 9660 format, which is the most common standard for recording CD/DVDs. Unfortunately ISO 9660 has a 2GB file-size limitation, which cannot be bypassed.
• The ISO 9660 and UDF reader classes in XBMC do not support reading multisession authored CD/DVD-media. That is XBMC can only read the first sessions of a multisession burnt CD or DVD media disc.
• (The following statement may be incorrect. Many users have used larger disks). The Xbox built-in harddrive is formatted in FATX which has a 4GB file-size limitation, and only supports file/folder-names up to 42 characters, a maximum of 255 in total file-structure character-depth and a maximum number of 4096 files/folders in a single subfolder, plus in the root of each partition, the maximum number of files/folders is 256. FAT does not support all ASCII characters in file/folder names (like for example < > = ? : ; " * + , / \|¤ &). XBMC will automatically rename any files/folders you transfer to the Xbox by these limitations. (None of these are XBMC issues that can be fixed as the limitation is in the Xbox itself). Workaround: Store your files/folders on your computer or a Network-Attached Storage (NAS) device/box which support SMB/CIFS, FTP or UPnP and share them over a local-area-network instead.
• The USB flash drive (USB key-drives/memory-keys) reader/writer class used by XBMC currently has a few limitations as well. It is limited to USB flash drives and harddisks compatible with USB Mass Storage Device Class following the USB 1.1 standard, with a maximum size of 4GB. It can read and write to FATX formatted flash drives, but can only read FATs FAT12, FAT16 (including VFAT), and FAT32. NTFS formatted drives are not supported yet.
• With its 733 MHz Intel Pentium III Celeron and 64MB shared memory, the Xbox does not have enough hardware-resources (not fast enough CPU nor large enough RAM) to play 720p/1080i resolution-native HDTV video (at 1280x720 and 1920x1080 pixels), (like WMV HD). XBMC can however upconvert all 480p/576p standard-resolution movies and output them at 720p or 1080i HDTV resolutions with better quality than most (if not all) HDTV's native upconvert functions.
• Again with its hardware, the Xbox does not have enough resources to play MPEG-4 AVC (H.264) encoded videos with CABAC and deblocking if the video-resolution is higher than 352x288 pixels. If videos are encoded without CABAC and deblocking then the Xbox hardware can handle up to 720x576 pixels video-resolution. It is generally better to encode videos to MPEG-4 (like DivX or XviD) instead. Then the video's native-resolution can be anything up to 960x540 pixels (also known as HRHD resolution).

Reception

Awards

XBMC won two SourceForge 2006 Community Choice Awards, for Best Multimedia Project and Best Game Project. In the 2007 Community Choice Awards, XBMC is a nominated finalist in six categories.

Legality

While XBMC source code is made publicly available by the developers under an open source (GNU GPL) license, the developers themselves are legally unable to distribute executable versions of XBMC. Due to this, the only publicly available executable versions of XBMC are from third parties and are of dubious legal status.

Copyright

The XBMC software is licensed under the GNU General Public License (GPL) by the developers, meaning they allow anybody to redistribute XBMC under extremely liberal conditions. However, in order to compile the XBMC into executable form, it is currently necessary to use the Microsoft XDK (Xbox Development Kit) which is only available to licensed developers and the resulting code may only be distributed by them. Accordingly, code compiled with an unauthorized copy of the Xbox Development Kit may not be distributed legally. A third-party project called OpenXDK is concerned with producing a replacement for the Microsoft XDK. While this could potentially allow legal binaries of XBMC to be compiled, it would require significant changes to the XBMC source code.

For audio and video codecs which are not natively supported, XBMC provides a DLL loader forked from the "avifile" open source project which can load third-party made DLLs to decode unsupported formats. This is potentially legal if the user owns a licensed copy of the DLL. However, some third-party XBMC builds incorporate all available third-party DLLs that XBMC can support, and the redistribution of these without a licence is copyright infringement.

Patents

For most popular video and audio codecs, XBMC includes native support through the libavcodec library from the FFmpeg project. Since this code is released under a free and open source license, it is legally redistributable. However, some of these compression methods, such as the popular MP3 format, are covered by patents in many countries. Absent a licence, this would make it illegal to redistribute versions of XBMC including support for these formats.

Other

XBMC also includes support for playing back DVD-Video movies encrypted using the CSS (Content Scramble System) encryption. The distribution of executable versions of XBMC containing this code is likely to fall afoul of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act in the U.S. and the EU Copyright Directive in European Union member countries which have incorporated it into national law.

See also

• Media player (application software)
  • Media center
• MPlayer, the open source and cross-platform software XBMC uses as its main video player core
• FFmpeg, the audio and video codec suite that XBMC uses for all player cores
• MediaPortal, a media center written for Microsoft Windows by the founder of XBMC. Initially based on XBMC code.
• List of other software video players
• Comparison of (audio/video) media and DVD-Video players
• List of multimedia (audio/video) codecs
• Xbox Linux

External links

Official sites

• XBMC official website
• XBMC forum
• XBMC Online Manual (Wiki)
• XBMC official IRC chat room (on Freenode) (use an IRC client like mIRC to join the #xbmc channel)

Scripts and Skins

Scripts

• xbmcscripts.com (Python scripts which add additional features and functionality to XBMC)

Skins

• XBMC official skin development and download site
• Compiled skins from the official skin development site
• allxboxskins.com - unofficial XBMC skin download site (currently down?)
• xbox-skins.net - another unofficial XBMC skin download site